Değerli arkadaşlar,
Bugün sizlere geçmişte gayrimenkul finansmanında uygulanan yollar ve başarısızlıklarla ilgili örnekleri anlatmaya çalışacağım. Geçmişi analiz etmeyenler, geçmişten ders almayanlar, aynı hataları yapmaya devam ederler… Burada ilk olarak konut edindirme yardımını işlemeye çalışacağım.
Konut edindirme yardımı, mortgage sisteminin Türkiye’de alt yapısının o kadar kolay oturmayacağını gördüğümüzden; önce fon yaratalım, sonra üstüne emlak sistemini, mortgage sistemini ve ikincil kağıtları oturturuz diyerek bir hayalle başladı. İnsanların tasarruf edecek kadar bir gelirleri ve alışkanlıkları olmadığı için en kolay yolun onlara ödenen bedellerden bir kısmını ayırarak bir fon üretelim ve zaten maaşlarında bir azalma söz konusu olmadığı için işveren tarafından yatırılan bir bedel olduğundan rahatlıkla işler ve tutar diye düşündük.
Uygulama ne kadar devam etti, kimler ödeme yaptı?
KEY kesintileri 1986 yılında başladı, 1995 yılına kadar 9 yıl süreyle devam etti. Ancak çalışanlar konut sahibi olamadan uygulama 1996 yılında durduruldu.
1999’da çıkarılan 588 sayılı kanun hükmünde kararname ile KEY hesaplarının tasfiyesi kararlaştırıldı ve Emlak Bankası hesaplarında bulunan KEY kesintilerinin parasal miktarı değerindeki gayrimenkul, Emlak Gayrimenkul Yatırım Ortaklığı (EGYO) AŞ’ye devredildi.
İyi değerlendirilmedi
Devir sırasında fonun değeri belli miydi?
Ne yazık ki, devredilen Emlak Bankası gayrimenkullerinin ekspertiz değeri bir sır olarak kaldı. Devir sırasında Emlak Bankası gayrimenkullerinin değerinin çok yüksek tutulduğu ve böylece KEY hesaplarının zarara uğratıldığı sık sık gündeme getirildi.
Fon nasıl değerlendirildi?
Nemalandırma, KEY uygulamasını başlatan 3320 sayılı yasaya uygun olarak yapılmadı. 3320 sayılı yasanın 10. maddesi ve bu yasaya göre çıkarılan uygulama yönetmeliğinin 27. maddesine göre kesintilerin Emlak Bankası’nın 6 aylık vadeli mevduat faizi, devlet tahvili, Hazine bonosu ve gelir ortaklığı senetleri gibi çeşitli seçeneklerle nemalandırılması gerekiyordu.
Amaç, birikimlerin enflasyon karşısında korunması ve reel olarak artmasıydı. Görev Emlakbank’a verilmişti. Yasanın ve yönetmeliğin hükümlerine rağmen Emlak Bankası’nın KEY hesaplarına uyguladığı nema (faiz) komik düzeylerde kaldı. Bu düşük nemalandırma sonucunda KEY hesapları eridi.
O para ile alınmış arsalar Emlak konut GYO’na devredildi ve bir kurum zenginleştirilirken, sisteme para yatırmış 1.826.000 ( Bir milyon sekiz yüz yirmi altı bin) kişi mağdur edildi. Yatırdıkları paralar insanlara değerinin çok altında iade edildi.
Hedef, konut edindirme yardımı ile inşaat sektörünü ucuz ve öz kaynaklara yöneltmek, arazilere yatırım yaparak ucuz kaynak almak ve bugünkü gibi inşaat maliyetinin en önemli parçası olan arsa sorununu çözmekti.
Araziler, arsaya dönüştürüldüğünde elde edilen kaynakların içine teknoloji katıldığında kısa sürede inşaat yaparak insanları kira öder gibi konut sahibi yapacaktık…
Regülasyonu kurup, emlak sektörünü düzeltip, mortgage yasasını çıkartıp, bitmemiş ve iskansız binayı satmayıp, tapu sigortası modeli getirerek insanların sisteme güvenini sağlayıp, yolsuzluklara ve yoksulluğa mani olacaktık…
Sorunu görüyor çözümü de biliyorduk ama devletin kesesinin delik olması ve gelen her parayı buharlaştırma ve keriz silkeleme operasyonu yapma gibi kötü bir alışkanlığı ve sorumsuz davranışları neticesinde hem devlete olan güveni sarstık hem de konut finansmanında kolay yolu seçmek varken, Ayşe hanımın mevduatı ve Mehmet efendinin avansı ile sat yap modelini benimsedik; ekonomik kriz kapıya gelip, faizler artıp, konut sektörü yara alınca şimdi konut finansmanında modeller diye ortaya çıkıyoruz…
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В заключение, даркнет – это сложное и многогранный инструмент, который находится в постоянном конфликте между светлыми и темными сторонами. В то время как даркнет может обеспечивать конфиденциальность и свободу информационного обмена, он также служит местом для незаконных действий и усилий преступников. Поэтому, как и в любой сфере, важно остерегаться и быть осведомленным о возможных рисках.
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Russian food exports are growing at a rapid pace, becoming the country’s third largest source of budget income after oil and gas, the interim head of the Russian customs service, Ruslan Davydov, said in an interview with RIA Novosti published on Tuesday.
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According to the official, the growth in exports of agricultural products in terms of weight is currently about 70% compared to the previous agricultural year.
“Our agro-industrial complex exports are growing well. [President Vladimir Putin] spoke about this – we have practically exceeded export targets compared to last year. We mainly export grain now. This is the lion’s share. But there are also oilseeds, butter, vegetable oil, sunflower. These are probably our main export products,” Davydov stated.
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